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1 étouffer
étouffer [etufe]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. [assassin, chaleur, atmosphère] to suffocate ; [sanglots, aliment] to choke ; (figurative) to suffocate• ce n'est pas la politesse qui l'étouffe ! politeness is not his forte!b. [+ bruit] to muffle ; [+ bâillement, sanglots, cris] to stiflec. [+ scandale, affaire] to hush up ; [+ rumeurs, scrupules, sentiments] to smother ; [+ révolte] to suppressd. [+ flammes] to smother2. intransitive verb( = mourir étouffé) to die of suffocation ; ( = être mal à l'aise) to feel stifled3. reflexive verb* * *etufe
1.
1) ( entraver) to stifle [carrière, création]; to suppress [protestation]2) ( dissimuler) to hush up [scandale]3) ( asphyxier) to suffocate [victime]; [bâillon] to stifle; to choke [plante]4) ( arrêter) to smother [feu]5) ( retenir) to stifle [bâillement]; to hold back [soupir]6) ( atténuer) to deaden [bruits]
2.
verbe intransitif ( être mal à l'aise) to feel stifledon étouffe ici! — (colloq) it's stifling in here!
mourir étouffé — ( par gaz etc) to die of suffocation; ( par obstruction de la trachée) to choke to death
3.
s'étouffer verbe pronominal ( suffoquer) to choke* * *etufe1. vt1) [personne] to suffocate2) [bruit] to muffle3) fig, [scandale] to hush up2. vi1) (= manquer d'air) to suffocate2) (= avoir trop chaud) to feel stifledOn étouffe ici. — It's stifling in here.
3) fig (= se sentir oppressé) to feel stifled* * *étouffer verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( entraver) to stifle [économie, carrière, création]; to suppress [protestation]; étouffer une révolte to nip a revolt in the bud;2 ( dissimuler) to hush up [affaire, scandale, crime];3 ( asphyxier) [personne] to suffocate [victime]; [aliment] to choke [personne]; [chaleur, bâillon] to stifle [personne]; [plante, mauvaises herbes] to choke [plante]; les sanglots l'étouffaient he/she was choked with tears; étouffer qn de caresses/baisers to smother sb with caresses/kisses; la générosité ne les étouffe pas they can't be accused of generosity;6 ( atténuer) [tapis, porte, double vitrage] to deaden [son, voix] (sous, par by).B vi1 ( être mal à l'aise) to feel stifled;2 ( avoir chaud) to be unable to breathe; on étouffe ici! it's stifling here!; étouffer de chaleur to feel stifled in the heat;3 ( suffoquer) [personne, ville] to suffocate;4 ( mourir asphyxié) to suffocate.C s'étouffer vpr1 ( suffoquer) to choke; s'étouffer en mangeant du pain/en avalant une arête to choke on bread/a fishbone; s'étouffer de rage/rire to choke with rage/laughter;2 ( mourir asphyxié) to suffocate.[etufe] verbe transitif1. [asphyxier - personne, animal]a. [accident] the baby suffocated to deathb. [meurtre] the baby was smotheredmourir étouffé to die of suffocation, to choke to deathce n'est pas la politesse qui l'étouffe (familier & humoristique) politeness isn't exactly his strong pointça t'étoufferait de dire bonjour/de ranger ta chambre? would it kill you to say hello/to tidy your room?2. [oppresser - suj: famille, entourage] to smother ; [ - suj: ambiance] to stifle3. [émouvoir fortement]la colère/l'émotion l'étouffe he's choking with anger/emotion4. [arrêter, atténuer - feu] to put out (separable), to smother ; [ - bruit] to muffle, to deaden ; [ - cris, pleurs, sentiment, rire] to stifle, to hold back (separable) ; [ - voix] to lower ; [ - révolte, rumeur] to quash ; [ - scandale] to hush ou to cover up (separable)————————[etufe] verbe intransitif3. [être oppressé] to feel stifled————————s'étouffer verbe pronominal intransitifune sardine et une demi-tomate, on ne risque pas de s'étouffer! (humoristique) a sardine and half a tomato! there's no fear of us choking on that! -
2 étrangler
étrangler [etʀɑ̃gle]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. ( = tuer) [+ personne] to strangle ; [+ poulet] to wring the neck ofb. [+ presse, libertés] to stifle2. reflexive verb► s'étrangler [personne] to strangle o.s.• s'étrangler de rire/colère to choke with laughter/anger* * *etʀɑ̃gle
1.
1) lit to strangle [victime]j'ai envie de les étrangler! — fig I feel like throttling them!
2) ( gêner) [col, cravate] to choke, to throttle3) ( comprimer) to pinch in [taille]4) [colère, émotion] to choke [personne]5) ( écraser) to cripple [entreprise, économie]6) ( museler) to stifle [groupe politique, presse]
2.
s'étrangler verbe pronominal1) (avec une corde, un foulard) to strangle oneself2) ( ne pas pouvoir respirer) to chokes'étrangler de rage/de rire — to choke with rage/laughter
3) [cri] to die in one's throat* * *etʀɑ̃ɡle vt1) [personne] to strangle2) fig, [presse, libertés] to stifle* * *étrangler verb table: aimerA vtr2 ( gêner) [col, cravate] to choke, to throttle;3 ( comprimer) to pinch in [taille];4 [colère, émotion] to choke [personne]; étranglé par l'émotion/la colère choked with emotion/anger;5 ( écraser) to cripple [entreprise, économie];6 ( museler) to stifle [groupe politique, presse].B s'étrangler vpr1 (avec une corde, un foulard) to strangle oneself;2 (ne pas pouvoir parler, respirer) to choke; s'étrangler de rage/de rire to choke with rage/laughter;3 [cri] to die in one's throat; sa voix s'étrangla his voice caught in his throat;4 [vallée, route] to narrow.[etrɑ̃gle] verbe transitifelle avait la taille étranglée par une grosse ceinture she had a wide belt pulled in tight around the waist3. [faire balbutier - suj: colère, peur] to choke5. (littéraire) [restreindre - libertés] to stifle————————s'étrangler verbe pronominal intransitif1. [personne] to choke2. [voix] to choke -
3 opprimer
opprimer [ɔpʀime]➭ TABLE 1 transitive verb* * *ɔpʀime1) to oppress [peuple]2) to stifle [conscience]* * *ɔpʀime vt1) (= asservir) [peuple, faibles] to oppress2) (= étouffer) [liberté, opinion] to suppress, to stifle3) [chaleur] to suffocate, to oppress* * *opprimer verb table: aimer vtr1 to oppress [peuple];2 to stifle [conscience].[ɔprime] verbe transitif1. [asservir] to oppress -
4 retenir
retenir [ʀət(ə)niʀ, ʀ(ə)təniʀ]➭ TABLE 221. transitive verba. ( = maintenir) [+ personne, foule, objet qui glisse, chien, cheval] to hold back• retenez-moi ou je fais un malheur ! (inf) hold me back or I'll do something I'll regret!• je ne sais pas ce qui me retient de lui filer une claque ! (inf) I don't know what stops me from hitting him!b. ( = garder) retenir qn à dîner to have sb stay for dinner• si tu veux partir, je ne te retiens pas if you want to leave, I won't hold you backc. [+ liquide, odeur] to retain ; [+ chaleur] to keep ind. [clou, nœud] to hold• c'est un simple clou qui retient le tableau au mur there's just a nail holding the picture on the wallf. ( = réserver) [+ chambre, place, table, date] to reserveg. ( = se souvenir de) [+ donnée, leçon, nom] to remember• ah ! toi, je te retiens, avec tes idées lumineuses ! (inf) you and your bright ideas!h. ( = contenir) [+ cri, larmes, colère] to hold back• retenir son souffle or sa respiration to hold one's breathj. ( = prélever) to deduct• ils nous retiennent 1 000 € (sur notre salaire) they deduct 1,000 euros (from our wages)k. ( = accepter) to accept2. reflexive verba. ( = s'accrocher)b. ( = se contenir) to restrain o.s. ; ( = s'abstenir) to stop o.s. ( de faire qch doing sth ) ; (de faire ses besoins naturels) to hold on• se retenir de pleurer or pour ne pas pleurer to hold back one's tears* * *ʀət(ə)niʀ, ʀtəniʀ
1.
1) ( empêcher de partir) to keep [personne]; ( retarder) to hold [somebody] up, to detain [personne]retenir quelqu'un prisonnier — to hold somebody captive ou prisoner
2) ( maintenir fixe) lit, fig to hold [objet, attention]; ( en arrière) to hold back [cheveux, volet, chien, personne, foule]; to retain [sol]; ( empêcher une chute) to stop [personne]; to rein in [cheval]si je ne l'avais pas retenu, il aurait tout avoué — if I hadn't held him back, he would have confessed everything
retenez-moi ou je fais un malheur! — (colloq) hold me down or I'll go berserk! (colloq)
3) ( réprimer) to hold back [larmes]; to hold [souffle]; to stifle [cri, rire, soupir]; to bite back [exclamation]; to suppress [sourire]; to contain [colère]; to check [geste]4) ( capturer) to retain [chaleur, eau, odeur]; to absorb [lumière]5) ( réserver) to reserve [table, place]; to set [date]6) ( confisquer) to withhold [caution, bagages]; to stop [salaire]; ( prélever) to deduct [somme, impôt] ( sur from)7) ( mémoriser) to remember [nom, date]toi, je te retiens! — (colloq) I won't forget this!
8) ( agréer) to accept [argument, proposition]; Droit to uphold [chef d'accusation]; ( considérer favorablement)9) Mathématique to carry (over)
2.
se retenir verbe pronominal1) ( se rattraper) to stop oneself2) ( réprimer une envie psychique) to stop oneself3) (colloq) ( réprimer un besoin physiologique) to control oneself* * *ʀ(ə)t(ə)niʀ vt1) (= maintenir) [objet qui glisse] to hold back, [objet suspendu] to hold2) (= empêcher d'agir) to hold back3) (qn contre son gré) to keep, to detain, (en retardant) to hold upIl a été retenu par un client mécontent. — He was held up by an unhappy customer.
La douane les a retenus pendant des heures. — Customs kept them for hours.
Je ne vous retiens pas, vous devez être pressé. — Don't let me keep you, you must be in a hurry.
4) (= contenir) [colère, larmes, rire] to hold backretenir son souffle; retenir son haleine — to hold one's breath
5) (= se rappeler) to rememberRetiens bien ce que je vais te dire. — Make sure you remember what I'm about to tell you.
6) (= réserver) [table, chambre] to reserve, to book Grande-BretagneJ'ai retenu une chambre à l'hôtel. — I've booked a room at the hotel.
7) (= garder) [chaleur, odeur] to retain8) (= prélever) to deduct9) [candidature] to acceptSa candidature a été retenue. — He was application was accepted.
* * *retenir verb table: venirA vtr1 ( empêcher de partir) to keep [personne]; ( retarder) to hold [sb] up, to detain [personne]; il m'a retenu plus d'une heure avec ses bavardages he kept me chatting for over an hour; son travail l'a retenu à Paris his job kept him in Paris; je ne vous retiendrai pas longtemps I won't keep you long; je ne vous retiens pas! iron don't let me keep you!; j'ai été retenu I was held up; retenir qn prisonnier to hold sb captive ou prisoner; retenir qn à dîner to ask sb to stay for dinner;2 ( maintenir fixe) lit, fig to hold [objet, attention]; ( en arrière) to hold back [cheveux, volet, chien, personne, foule]; to retain [sol]; ( empêcher une chute) to stop [personne]; to rein in [cheval]; un crochet retient le volet contre le mur a hook holds the shutter back against the wall; retenir sa langue fig to hold one's tongue; la prudence/ma timidité m'a retenu fig caution/my shyness held me back; si tu ne l'avais pas retenu, il serait tombé if you hadn't stopped him, he would have fallen; si je ne l'avais pas retenu, il aurait tout avoué if I hadn't helded on to him, he would have confessed everything; retenez-moi ou je fais un malheur○! hold me down or I'll go berserk○!; retenir qn par la manche to catch hold of sb's sleeve; votre réclamation a retenu toute notre attention fml your complaint is receiving our full attention;3 ( réprimer) to hold back [larmes]; to hold [souffle]; to stifle [cri, rire, soupir, bâillement]; to bite back [exclamation] ; to suppress [sourire]; to contain, to suppress [colère]; to check [geste]; elle ne put retenir un bâillement she tried in vain to stifle a yawn; colère retenue suppressed anger;5 ( réserver) to reserve, to book GB [table, chambre, place]; to set [date]; la date retenue est jeudi prochain the date set is next Thursday;6 ( confisquer) to withhold, to retain [caution, bagages]; to stop [salaire]; ( prélever) to deduct [somme, cotisation, impôt] (sur from); retenir l'impôt à la source Fisc to deduct tax at source;7 ( mémoriser) to remember [numéro, nom, date, formule]; to be left with, to get [impression]; ( absorber) to take in [enseignement]; retiens-bien ceci remember this; cet enfant ne retient rien that child doesn't take anything in; je retiens de cet échec que the lesson I learned from that failure is that; je retiens qu'on peut leur faire confiance I've learned that they can be trusted; toi, je te retiens○! I won't forget this!, you'll live to regret this!;8 ( agréer) to accept [argument, plan, proposition]; Jur to uphold [chef d'accusation]; ( considérer favorablement) votre candidature a été retenue you're being considered for the post; être retenu comme critère/un indice valable to be used as a criterion/a reliable indication; c'est la solution retenue par le gouvernement that's the solution the government has decided on; être retenu comme solution to be the solution adopted;9 Math to carry (over); je pose 5 et je retiens 1 I put down 5 and carry 1.B se retenir vpr1 ( se rattraper) to stop oneself; se retenir à qch to hang on to sth; j'ai essayé de me retenir dans ma chute I tried to stop myself from falling;2 ( réprimer une envie psychique) to stop oneself; se retenirde faire to stop oneself from doing; se retenir de pleurer/rire to try not to cry/laugh; je n'ai pas pu me retenir de pleurer I couldn't hold back the tears; il ne put se retenir de rire he couldn't help laughing; je me suis retenu de leur dire ce que je pensais I refrained from telling them what I thought; j'ai dû me retenir pour ne pas la gifler it was all I could do not to slap her;3 ○( réprimer un besoin physiologique) to control oneself; retiens-toi, nous sommes presque arrivés hold on, we're nearly there; ne le gronde pas, il n'a pas pu se retenir don't scold him, he couldn't help it.[rətənir] verbe transitifretiens le chien, il va sauter! hold the dog back, it's going to jump!je ne vous retiens pas, je sais que vous êtes pressé I won't keep you, I know you're in a hurry2. [empêcher d'agir] to hold back (separable)je ne sais pas ce qui me retient de l'envoyer promener (familier) I don't know what's stopping ou keeping me from telling him to go to hell3. [refouler - émotion] to curb, to hold in check, to hold back (separable) ; [ - larmes, sourire] to hold back ; [ - cri] to stifleretenir un geste d'impatience to hold back ou to check a gesture of impatienceretenir son souffle ou sa respiration to hold one's breath5. [se rappeler] to rememberretenir quelque chose to remember ou to recall somethinget surtout, retiens bien ce qu'on t'a dit and above all, remember ou don't forget what you've been toldje te retiens, toi et tes soi-disant bonnes idées! (familier) I'll remember you and your so-called good ideas!8. [conserver - chaleur] to keep in (separable), to retain, to conserve ; [ - eau] to retain ; [ - lumière] to reflect————————se retenir verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)1. [se contrôler] to restrain oneself2. (familier & euphémisme) to hold on————————se retenir verbe pronominal intransitif[s'agripper] to hold on -
5 garrotter
garrotter [gaʀɔte]➭ TABLE 1 transitive verb( = attacher) to tie up* * *gaʀɔte1) ( lier) to tie up [prisonnier]; to bind [bras, jambes]2) fig ( bâillonner) to muzzle [peuple]; to stifle [opposition]3) ( supplicier) to garrotte* * *ɡaʀɔte vt[prisonnier] to tie up, fig, [libertés] to muzzle* * *garrotter verb table: aimer vtr3 ( supplicier) to garrotte.[garɔte] verbe transitiftous les partis d'opposition ont été garrottés the opposition parties have all been stifled ou muzzled3. [supplicier] to garrotte -
6 taire
taire [tεʀ]➭ TABLE 541. transitive verb( = passer sous silence) to keep silent about2. intransitive verb• faire taire [+ témoin, opposition, récriminations] to silence ; [+ craintes, désirs] to suppress ; [+ scrupules, réticences] to overcome3. reflexive verb► se tairea. ( = être silencieux) [personne] to be quiet• taisez-vous ! be quiet!b. ( = s'abstenir de s'exprimer) to keep quiet• tais-toi ! (inf) ( = ne m'en parle pas) don't talk to me about it!* * *tɛʀ
1.
1) ( ne pas dire) not to reveal [nom, secret]; to hush up [vérité]2) ( cacher) liter to keep [something] to oneself [tristesse, dépit]
2.
se taire verbe pronominal1) ( ne pas parler) [personne] to be silent, to say nothing; [nature, oiseaux] to be silent; ( ne pas dire quelque chose) to remain silent2) ( cesser de parler) [personne] to stop talking, to fall silent; [oiseau] to fall silent; ( cesser de s'exprimer) [journaliste, opposition] to fall silentfaire taire — to make [somebody] be quiet [élèves]; to silence [opposant, média]; to put a stop to [rumeurs, sarcasmes]
tais-toi! — ( ne parle pas) be quiet!; ( ne m'en parle pas) don't talk to me about that!
3) ( s'arrêter) [musique] to stop; [canon, orchestre] to fall silent* * *tɛʀ1. vt[secret, nom] to keep to o.s.2. vifaire taire qn lit — to make sb be quiet, fig, [témoin, détracteur] to silence sb
* * *taire verb table: plaireA vtr1 ( ne pas dire) not to reveal [nom, secret]; to hush up [vérité]; dire ce qu'on aurait dû taire to say what would have been better left unsaid;B se taire vpr1 ( ne pas parler) [personne] to be silent, to say nothing; [nature, oiseaux] to be silent; ( ne pas dire qch) to remain silent; se taire sur qch to keep quiet about sth; il souffre et se tait he suffers in silence; tu as perdu une belle occasion de te taire you would have done better to have kept quiet;2 ( cesser de parler) to stop talking, to fall silent; [oiseau] to fall silent; ( cesser de s'exprimer) [journaliste, opposition] to fall silent; faire taire to make [sb] be quiet [élèves]; to silence [opposant, sceptiques]; to silence [média]; to put a stop to [rumeurs, sarcasmes]; faire taire sa jalousie to stifle one's jealousy; fais taire les enfants! keep the children quiet!, shut the children up○!; tais-toi! ( ne parle pas) be quiet!; ( ne m'en parle pas) don't talk to me about that!;3 ( s'arrêter) [bruit, musique] to stop; [canon, orchestre] to fall silent.[tɛr] verbe transitif1. [passer sous silence - raisons] to conceal, to say nothing about ; [ - information] to hush up (separable) ; [ - plan, projet] to keep secret, to say nothing about, to keep quiet aboutfaire taire quelqu'un [empêcher quelqu'un de parler] to silence somebody, to force somebody to be quiet2. (littéraire) [cacher - sentiment]————————se taire verbe pronominal intransitif1. [s'abstenir de parler] to be ou to keep quiet2. [cesser de s'exprimer] to fall silent4. (familier & locution)et quand il t'a invitée à danser? — tais-toi, je ne savais plus où me mettre! and when he asked you to dance? — don't, I felt so embarrassed! -
7 asphyxier
asphyxier [asfiksje]➭ TABLE 71. transitive verb[+ personne] to suffocate ; [+ économie] to stifle2. reflexive verb* * *asfiksje
1.
1) Médecine to asphyxiate2) fig to paralyze
2.
s'asphyxier verbe pronominal1) Médecine to suffocate to death; ( avec un gaz) to asphyxiate2) fig [pays, économie] to become paralyzed* * *asfiksje vt1) [personne] to suffocate, to asphyxiatemourir asphyxié — to die of suffocation, to die of asphyxiation
2) fig to stifle* * *asphyxier verb table: plierA vtr1 Méd to asphyxiate, to suffocate to death; mourir asphyxié to die of suffocation; tu nous asphyxies avec ta fumée de cigarette! you're choking us to death with your cigarette smoke!;B s'asphyxier vpr1 Méd to suffocate to death; ( avec un gaz) to asphyxiate; on va s'asphyxier avec tous ces fumeurs! we'll choke to death with all these people smoking!;2 [pays, économie] to become paralysed.[asfiksje] verbe transitif1. [priver d'air] to suffocate[faire respirer du gaz à] to asphyxiate2. (figuré) [personne] to oppress[pays, économie] to paralyse————————s'asphyxier verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)[volontairement, au gaz] to gas oneself————————s'asphyxier verbe pronominal intransitif[accidentellement] to suffocate -
8 bâillement
bâillement [bαjmɑ̃]masculine noun* * *bajmɑ̃nom masculin yawn* * *bɒjmɑ̃ nm* * *bâillement nm yawn; étouffer or retenir un bâillement to stifle a yawn; avoir un bâillement to yawn.[bajmɑ̃] nom masculin1. [action] yawn2. [ouverture] gap -
9 pactiser
pactiser [paktize]➭ TABLE 1 intransitive verb(pejorative = se liguer) to make a deal* * *paktizeverbe intransitif to treat ( avec quelqu'un with somebody)* * *paktize vi* * *pactiser verb table: aimer vi to treat (avec qn with sb); pactiser avec sa conscience to stifle one's conscience.[paktize]pactiser avec verbe plus préposition1. [conclure un accord avec] to make a deal ou pact withpactiser avec l'ennemi to make a deal ou pact with the enemy2. [transiger avec] to collude with, to connive at -
10 ravaler
ravaler [ʀavale]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. ( = nettoyer, repeindre) [+ façade, mur, immeuble] to clean and repaintc. [+ dignité, personne, mérite] to lower• ce genre d'acte ravale l'homme au rang de la bête this kind of behaviour brings man down to the level of animals2. reflexive verba. ( = s'abaisser) to lower o.s.• se ravaler au rang de... to reduce o.s. to the level of...* * *ʀavale1) Construction, Bâtiment to clean [façade en pierre, brique]; to reface [façade crépie]; to renovate [bâtiment]2) fig to revamp [image]3) to swallow [colère]4) ( déprécier)* * *ʀavale vt1) [mur, façade] to restore2) (= avaler de nouveau) to swallow again3) fig* * *ravaler verb table: aimerA vtr2 fig to give [sth] a facelift [image];3 to swallow [colère, indignation]; ravaler ses larmes to hold back one's tears; ravaler ses reproches to keep one's criticisms to oneself; faire ravaler ses paroles à qn to make sb eat his/her words;4 ( déprécier) ravaler qch au rang de to reduce sth to the level of.B se ravaler vpr1 ( s'avilir) se ravaler au rang de… to reduce oneself to the level of…;2 se ravaler la façade◑ hum to do a repair job○ on one's face○.[ravale] verbe transitif2. [salive] to swallow[larmes] to hold ou to choke back[fierté] to swallow3. [abaisser] to lower————————se ravaler verbe pronominal (emploi réfléchi)[s'abaisser] to debase ou to lower oneself————————se ravaler verbe pronominal transitifse ravaler la façade [se maquiller] to slap some make-up on, to put on one's warpaint -
11 refouler
refouler [ʀ(ə)fule]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. [+ envahisseur, attaque, manifestants] to drive back ; [+ immigrés, étrangers] to turn back• les clandestins ont été refoulés à la frontière the illegal immigrants were turned back at the borderb. [+ larmes] to hold back ; [+ désir, instinct, souvenir, colère] to repress2. intransitive verb[siphon, tuyauterie] to flow back ; [cheminée] to smoke* * *ʀ(ə)fule1) ( contenir) to suppress [émotion, souvenir]; to repress [tendance]; to hold back [larmes]; to stifle [sanglots]2) ( repousser) to force [something] back [liquide]; to push back [ennemi]; to turn back [immigrant]; to drive back [foule]* * *ʀ(ə)fule vt1) [liquide] to force back2) [client] to turn awayIl s'est fait refouler à l'entrée du club. — He was turned away at the door of the club.
3) [clandestin, immigrant] to turn back4) [envahisseurs] to drive back, to repulse5) fig, [colère, passion, désir] to suppress6) PSYCHOLOGIE, PSYCHIATRIE, [homosexualité] to repress* * *refouler verb table: aimer vtr1 ( contenir) to suppress [émotion, souvenir]; to repress [tendance]; to hold back [larmes]; to stifle [sanglots]; colère refoulée suppressed anger;2 ( repousser) to force [sth] back [liquide]; to push back [ennemi]; to turn back [immigrant]; to drive back [foule];4 Rail to back, to reverse;5 Naut to stem.[rəfule] verbe transitif[immigrants] to turn back ou away (separable)2. [liquide] to force to flow back[courant] to stem[air] to pump out (separable)3. [retenir]refouler ses larmes to hold ou to choke back one's tears————————[rəfule] verbe intransitif1. [pieu, cheville] to balk2. [mal fonctionner] -
12 refréner
refréner [ʀ(ə)fʀene]➭ TABLE 6 transitive verb[+ désir, impatience] to curb* * *ʀefʀeneverbe transitif to curb* * *[enthousiasme] to curb, to check* * *refréner, réfréner verb table: céderA vtr to curb.B se réfréner vpr to restrict oneself.I[rəfrene] verbe transitif,réfréner [refrene] verbe transitifII[rəfrene] verbe transitif,réfréner [refrene] verbe transitif -
13 réprimer
réprimer [ʀepʀime]➭ TABLE 1 transitive verb[+ insurrection, sentiment, désir] to repress ; [+ crimes, abus] to crack down on ; [+ rire, bâillement, larmes, colère] to suppress* * *ʀepʀimeverbe transitif to repress [envie, penchant]; to suppress [bâillement, sourire]; to suppress [révolte]; to crack down on [fraude, trafic]* * *ʀepʀime vt1) [délits, crimes] to punish, [insurrection] to put down2) [émotions] to suppress* * *réprimer verb table: aimer vtr to repress [envie, nervosité, penchant]; to suppress [bâillement, sourire]; to suppress [révolte]; to crack down on [fraude, trafic].[reprime] verbe transitif2. [punir - délit, vandalisme] to punishréprimer le banditisme/terrorisme to crack down on crime/terrorism3. [sourire, colère] to suppress[larmes] to hold ou to choke back (separable)[bâillement] to stifledes rires réprimés repressed ou stifled laughter -
14 stériliser
stériliser [steʀilize]➭ TABLE 1 transitive verb* * *steʀilize1) lit to sterilize [personne, animal]; to make [something] barren [sol]2) fig to stifle [créativité, artiste]3) ( purifier) to sterilize [biberon, appareil, bocal, pansement]* * *steʀilize vt* * *stériliser verb table: aimer vtr1 lit to sterilize [personne, animal]; to sterilize [biberon, appareil, bocal, pansement]; to make [sth] barren [sol];[sterilize] verbe transitif1. [rendre infécond] to sterilize2. [rendre aseptique] to sterilize -
15 langue
n. f.1. Avaler sa langue:a To 'keep mum', to hold one's tongue.b To stifle a yawn.c To 'snuff it', to 'croak', to die.2. General meaning: chatter, gossip. Avoir la langue bien pendue: To have the gift of the gab. Ne pas avoir sa langue dans sa poche: To have a glib tongue, to be quick on the verbal draw. Se mordre la langue:a To stop short of saying something.b To regret having said something. Faire aller les langues: To set tongues wagging. Etre mauvaise langue: To be a gossip-monger. Etre une langue de vipère: To be mean-mouthed.4. Avoir la langue qui fourche: To make a slip of the tongue. Zut, ma langue a fourché! No, that's not what I meant to say!5. Faire une langue fourrée: To exchange a 'French kiss'.6. Langue fourrée princesse: Cunnilingus.7. Tirer la langue:a To be near the end of one's tether, to show signs of exhaustion.b To be starving.c (of health or finances): To be in a bad way.8. Faire tirer la langue à quelqu'un (of employee or subordinate): To drive someone too hard.9. La langue verte: Argot, slang. -
16 étouffer
hush up, smother, snuff out, stifle, suffocate
См. также в других словарях:
Stifle — Sti fle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Stifled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Stifling}.] [Freq. of OE. stif stiff; cf. Icel. st[=i]fla to dam up.] 1. To stop the breath of by crowding something into the windpipe, or introducing an irrespirable substance into the… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Stifle — can mean: * To suffocate * To prevent from speaking or to prevent a view being heard. See free speech, gag and gagging.A stifle is also the name for an animal s knee joint. See stifle joint.* Stifle yourself, or simply Stifle! was a frequent… … Wikipedia
Stifle — Sti fle, n. [From {Stiff}.] (Far.) The joint next above the hock, and near the flank, in the hind leg of the horse and allied animals; the joint corresponding to the knee in man; called also {stifle joint}. See Illust. under {Horse}. [1913… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Stifle bone — Stifle Sti fle, n. [From {Stiff}.] (Far.) The joint next above the hock, and near the flank, in the hind leg of the horse and allied animals; the joint corresponding to the knee in man; called also {stifle joint}. See Illust. under {Horse}. [1913 … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
stifle joint — Stifle Sti fle, n. [From {Stiff}.] (Far.) The joint next above the hock, and near the flank, in the hind leg of the horse and allied animals; the joint corresponding to the knee in man; called also {stifle joint}. See Illust. under {Horse}. [1913 … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
stifle — stifle1 [stī′fəl] vt. stifled, stifling [altered (prob. infl. by ON stīfla, to stop up: for IE base see STIFF) < ME stuflen, freq. formation < MFr estouffer, to smother < VL * stuppare, to stuff up (see STOP), infl. by * extufare, to… … English World dictionary
Stifle — Sti fle, v. i. To die by reason of obstruction of the breath, or because some noxious substance prevents respiration. [1913 Webster] You shall stifle in your own report. Shak. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
stifle — (v.) late 14c., to choke, suffocate, drown, of uncertain origin, possibly an alteration of O.Fr. estouffer to stifle, smother, which may be from a Germanic source (Cf. O.H.G. stopfon to plug up, stuff ). Metaphoric sense is from 1570s. Related:… … Etymology dictionary
štifle — štìfle ž mn <G mn štíflā/ ī> DEFINICIJA reg. zast. čizme [obuti/izuti štifle] ETIMOLOGIJA njem. Stiefel … Hrvatski jezični portal
stifle — ► VERB 1) prevent from breathing freely; suffocate. 2) smother or suppress. 3) prevent or constrain (an activity or idea). ORIGIN perhaps from Old French estouffer smother, stifle … English terms dictionary
stifle — I verb annihilate, arrest, balk, bar, block, check, choke, conceal, constrain, contain, control, crush, damp, deaden, destroy, drown, dull, extinguish, frustrate, gag, hush, inhibit, kill, mask, muffle, mute, muzzle, obstruct, opprimere, prevent … Law dictionary